Treatments For HYPERPIGMENTATION & How They WORK
Hydroquinone
inhibits tyrosinase which is the enzyme that makes melanin
considered the gold standard by dermatologists
only available by prescription
Cysteamine
proven in studies to be as effective as hydroquinone to treat melasma
inhibits tyrosinase
used as contact therapy for 15 minutes and then washed off daily
Niacinamide
inhibits the transfer of melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes
4% niacinamide has been shown to be effective in the treatment of melasma
it is usually used in combination with other ingredients to treat hyperpigmentation